E liquid Additives: All Facts You Need To Know CHEMNOVATIC E cigarette aerosol exposure can cause craniofacial defects in Xenopus laevis embryos and mammalian neural crest cells PLOS One Frontiers Aerosolized nicotine from e cigarettes alters gene expression, increases lung protein permeability, and impairs viral clearance in murine influenza infection New study shows common vape ingredients deform fetal mouse skulls. Even if they are nicotine free. Researchers at The Ohio State University, led by anatomist James Cray, exposed pregnant mice to the base E cigarettes and their lone constituents induce cardiac arrhythmia and conduction defects in mice Nature Communications Exposure to third hand e cigarette vapour impairs cognitive function in young mice ScienceDirect