History of L carnitine: Implications for renal disease Journal of Renal Nutrition Item L carnitine biosynthesis. Public Library of Science Figshare Combined protective effects of oligo fucoidan, fucoxanthin, and L carnitine on the kidneys of chronic kidney disease mice ScienceDirect L Carnitine Linus Pauling Institute Oregon State University NKF KDOQI Guidelines Early research into L carnitine was often cited as underwhelming, showing negligible changes in muscle carnitine content and fat loss outcomes. However, these findings may have been limited by a short study window