PDF] Trimethylamine N Oxide, the Microbiome, and Heart and Kidney Disease. Semantic Scholar Comparison of short term and long term effects of peroral L carnitine intake: clinical implications of elevated TMAO levels in cardiovascular complications JCI l Carnitine in omnivorous diets induces an atherogenic gut microbial pathway in humans Characterization of TMAO productivity from carnitine challenge facilitates personalized nutrition and microbiome signatures discovery Microbiome Springer Nature Link Full article: Gut microbes with the gbu genes determine TMAO production from L carnitine intake and serve as a biomarker for precision nutrition TMAO (Trimethylamine oxide) biocrates life science