Heart Failure Linus Pauling Institute Oregon State University Role of carnitine in disease Nutrition & Metabolism Springer Nature Link Cardiac Energy Metabolism in Heart Failure Circulation Research L carnitine is primarily synthesized in the liver from the amino acids lysine and methionine through a series of four enzymatic reactions, with the liver and kidneys converting the precursor butyrobetaine into active Red Meat and Heart Disease: The Hidden Role of microbial L Carnitine & Choline Prof Luigi Fontana L Carnitine Supplement: Heart Concerns Advanced Molecular Labs